If your team works around dust, fumes or airborne particles, choosing the right disposable respirator matters — both for their health and for compliance. The "FFP" rating is the key, but the differences between FFP1, FFP2 and FFP3 aren't always obvious. Here's a plain-English guide.
What does FFP mean?
FFP stands for "filtering facepiece," a European standard (EN 149) for disposable respirators. The number tells you how much airborne particulate the mask filters out. The higher the number, the greater the protection.
FFP1 — basic protection
FFP1 masks filter at least 80% of airborne particles and have an assigned protection factor of around 4× the workplace exposure limit. They suit low-risk environments with nuisance dust — light sanding, DIY-level tasks, non-toxic dusts. They are not suitable for fine or hazardous particles.
FFP2 — the workplace standard
FFP2 masks filter at least 94% of particles, with a protection factor of around 10×. This is the everyday workhorse for construction and industry: plasterboard dust, wood dust, metal fumes from light work, and general particulates. If you're unsure and the task is routine, FFP2 is usually the right starting point.
FFP3 — maximum disposable protection
FFP3 masks filter at least 99% of particles, with a protection factor of around 20×. Use these for the most hazardous airborne substances — fine toxic dusts, biological particles, and carcinogenic or fibrogenic materials. Many high-risk tasks legally require FFP3.
Important: a mask only works if it fits
Whatever the rating, a tight-fitting respirator only protects the wearer if it seals to the face. UK law (COSHH) requires face-fit testing for tight-fitting RPE, and wearers must be clean-shaven where the mask seals. A poorly fitting FFP3 can offer less real-world protection than a well-fitting FFP2.
Quick reference
- FFP1: ≥80% filtration — nuisance dust, low risk
- FFP2: ≥94% filtration — general construction & industrial dust/fumes
- FFP3: ≥99% filtration — toxic, fine or hazardous particulates
This guide is general information, not a substitute for a task-specific risk assessment. Always follow your COSHH assessment and HSE guidance.